Q: For example, what does balanced to 28oz mean when describing an engine?
A: It means that the engine uses a 28oz imbalance (externally balanced). This typically means that the harmonic balancer and flywheel/flexplate are 28oz items.
Q:How does this affect clutch choice?
A: It doesn't. However, some guys want to have the pressure plate balanced with their rotating assembly as an option.
Q: Also what is external balancing?
A: An externally balanced engine uses a weighted harmonic balancer and/or flywheel to keep the engine in balance.
Q: How does a harmonic balancer work?
A: It uses different materials, such as rubber, fluid, polymers, etc. to help eliminate the vibration harmonics out of an engine.
Q: What items are subjected to internal balancing? And is this balancing static or dynamic?
A: Everytime you balance a rotating assembly, it's dynamic. Go to YouTube and look for some rotating assembly balancing videos. The crankshaft is placed in a balancer and spun up to rpm. There are bobweights bolted to each rod journal which simulate the weights of the pistons/rings/rod bearings/rods/parasitic
oil, etc.
Q: Is material typically added (weights) or removed?
A: It depends on which setup you have. You can do it either way, although the crankshaft manufacturer will design the counterweights on the crankshaft so that a target bobweight will be used.
Q: Do flywheels need to be balanced?
A: Not typically. They come from the manufacturer intended for a specific application.
Q: Do clutches need to be balanced?
A: The pressure plates are balanced from the manufacturers, but I have seen a few that need to be installed in a certain position to be perfectly balanced. You always balance the pressure plate only as a clutch disc is a consumable item.
Q: Do tailshafts normally need balancing?
A: If you're talking about a driveshaft, then yes.....always.
Q: At what rpm point does extensive/comprehensive balancing become essential?
A: There's really not an "extensive" balancing. It's either balanced or it's not balanced.