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You can have a dead head EFI system. Lots of manufacturers use them - including my 2001 Dodge truck. But there are some drawbacks. Can't handle high hp apps unless you use a huge fuel log. Cause the fuel to pulse, and makes the injection erratic. Also, a deadhead system is more likely to experiance vapor lock.
Newer EFI systems can "learn" a tune. You have to enter a base tune, and then tell the computer what you want the the target EFI to be. Using a wide band sensor, the computer will write it's own map based on the parameters you give it. Stock EFI does the same thing, but on a much narrower scale.
Laptop tuning is important for things like post start enrichment, accelerator pump, closed/full throttle, fan control, etc. The computer does a lot of stuff.
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