Andy,
There are alot of small indicators to tell the difference in the various versions of the FE, but only one sure way - Measure the bore and stroke.
If the bore is 4 1/4" (4.232 to be exact), it is a 427
If the bore is 4 1/8" (4.132), it probably is a 428 or could be 406.
But be cautious, some smaller FE Blocks could be unscrupously modified to get to this bore. The smaller FE's have a 4 1/16" (4.050) bore. You'll read other threads about guys buying what they were told was a 427, only to learn it was a modified 360!!
Once you know the cube's, the finer details will help you establish originality.
Regarding the heritage of a given motor, they were not "serialized" so it is very difficult to tie to a given vehicle.
Something to start you verification: If the sides of the blocks around the
oil pans and motor mounts are IDENTICAL, be suspicious. The 427 has sidebolt main caps, the original 428 does not.
Paul